Memphis History and Facts

Memphis History: A Chronology

c. 1541

Indians living near present-day Shelby County encounter the Hernando De Soto expedition.

1739

French explorers build Fort Assumption on Memphis site.

1795

Fort San Fernando de las Barrancas built by the Spanish.

1797

The U.S. gains control of the area; Fort Adams erected.

1818

The Chickasaw Nation signs treaty ceding West Tennessee to the U.S.

1819

John Overton, James Winchester, and Andrew Jackson found the city of Memphis on May 22. Shelby County formed.

1825

Frances Wright organizes utopian community of Nashoba near present-day Germantown.

1826

Memphis incorporated on December 19.

1827

County seat moved from Memphis to Raleigh.

1840

Memphis Appeal organized.

1845

U.S. government establishes a navy yard in the city.

1850

Memphis and South Memphis merge.

1857

The Memphis & Charleston Railroad completed, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River.

1862

On June 6, Union fleet defeats Confederate naval forces in the Battle of Memphis. Federal troops occupy the city.

1863

Grant names Memphis as hospital and supply base to support the attack on Vicksburg.

1865

The Memphis Freedmen's Bureau established to provide services such as banking and education.

1867

Memphis regains the county seat.

1878

City's most devastating yellow fever epidemic claims 5,000 lives.

1879

Memphis declares bankruptcy, loses its charter, and becomes a Taxing District of the state.

1887

Artesian well water becomes available for the first time.

1892

Great Bridge at Memphis opened. Later named Frisco Bridge.

1893

Cossitt Library opens, the first public library in Memphis. Memphis regains its city charter. Black millionaire Robert Reed Church, Sr. buys first city bond.

1895

The ten-story Porter Building, the city's first skyscraper, opens.

1899

Church's Park & Auditorium, the city's first park and entertainment center for African Americans, opens.

1906

The Overton Park Zoo opens.

1909

W.C. Handy writes the "Memphis Blues." Memphis adopts the commission form of government.

1911

University of Tennessee Medical School merges with the Memphis Hospital Medical College and the College of Physicians and Surgeons.

1912

A major Mississippi River flood brings high water to downtown Memphis.

1916

Clarence Saunders opens his first Piggly Wiggly store.

1923

The Universal Life Insurance Company, one of the largest black-owned insurance companies in the nation, is founded.

1925

The present Peabody Hotel opens to the public. Tom Lee rescues 32 people when the excursion boat M.E. Norman capsizes in the Mississippi River.

1928

The Orpheum Theatre opens; replaced Grand Opera House.

1937

The Mississippi River Great Flood devastates huge area; thousands of homeless brought to Memphis.

1939

City purchases the local utility company and renames it Memphis Light, Gas & Water Division.

1942

The Naval Air Station at Millington is built.

1943

The Army (now Defense) Depot and the Mallory Air Force Depot built.

1948

Construction on the Memphis Harbor project begins.

1950s

Memphis named the country's quietest, cleanest and safest city on several occasions.

1951

Tri-State Defender, local black newspaper, begins publication.

1952

Kemmons Wilson opens his first Holiday Inn on Summer Ave.

1954

E.H. Crump, Memphis political leader for 45 years, dies. Elvis Presley gives his first concert in Memphis.

1958

Stax Records, creator of the "Memphis Sound," organized.

1960s

Federal court decisions end segregation in the city's public libraries, schools, parks and recreation facilities.

1968

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated Apri1 4 at the Lorraine Motel while in Memphis to support the Sanitation Workers' strike.

1972

Federal Express Corporation organized.

1973

Busing begins in order to bring about full integration of schools.

1976

Benjamin L. Hooks elected executive director of the NAACP. Victorian Village named historic district.

1977

Elvis Presley dies at Graceland on August 16.

1982

Mud Island Park and River Walk open.

1983

Redeveloped Beale Street opens as a tourist attraction. Jesse H. Turner becomes first black to serve as chairman of the Shelby County Board of Commissioners.

1986

Lighting of the Hernando DeSoto Bridge features 2,000 lights in a giant M.

1987

Ramesses the Great initiates the Wonders Series.

1990

World War II Memphis Belle moved to Mud Island.

1991

Dr. W.W. Herenton elected city's first black mayor. National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis Pyramid open.

1993

Downtown trolley begins operation.

1997

Wonders Titanic exhibit draws largest attendance in series.

2000

AutoZone Park Redbirds Stadium opens downtown.

2001

New Central Library opens in November at 3030 Poplar Avenue.

2003

July 22, straight-line gale force winds cause heavy damage to the city.

© Compiled 2003 by the staff of the History Department

Memphis Facts

© Compiled 2003 by the staff of the History Department

Shelby County

© Compiled 2003 by the staff of the History  Department